The Execution of Turkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes by the Criminal Kemalist Secular Military Junta in 1961

Events 50 years ago.
Adnan Menderes (Turkish pronunciation: [adˈnan mendeˈɾes]; 1899 – 17 September 1961) was the first democratically elected Turkish Prime Minister between 1950–1960. He was one of the founders of the Democratic Party (DP) in 1946, the fourth legal opposition party of Turkey. He was hanged by the military junta after the 1960 coup d'état, along with two other cabinet members, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan. He was the last Turkish political leader to be executed after a military coup and is also one of the three political leaders of the Turkish Republic (along with Atatürk and Turgut Özal) to have a mausoleum built in his honour.

He was born in 1899 in Aydın, as the son of a wealthy landowner, whose roots were from Crimean Tatars. After primary school, Menderes attended the American College in İzmir. He fought against the invading Greek army during the Turkish War of Independence and was awarded a medal of honour[citation needed]. He graduated from the Law School of Ankara University. In 1930, Menderes organized a branch of the short-lived Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası) in Aydın. After this opposition party was banned as well, he was invited by Atatürk himself to join the ruling Republican People's Party and was elected deputy of Aydın in 1931. In 1945, he was expelled from the party with two other colleagues due to inner-party opposition to the nationalization policies of the then self-declared "National Chief" İsmet İnönü.

He campaigned in the 1950 elections almost exclusively on the platform of legalizing the Arabic language Islamic call to prayer (adhan), which had been banned[citation needed]. He re-opened thousands of mosques across the country which had been left to rot.
On 27 May 1960, a military coup organized by 37 "young officers" deposed the government, and Menderes was arrested along with all the leading party members. They were charged with violating the constitution. He and all the leaders of the DP were put on trial by a hastily formed quasi-military kangaroo court on the island of Yassıada. In addition to the charges of violating the constitution.
Menderes was sentenced to death for violating the Constitution.
Menderes was executed by the junta at the gallows on the island of İmralı on 17 September 1961.
Fatin Rüştü Zorlu (1910 – 1961) was a Turkish diplomat and politician. He was executed by hanging after the coup d'état in 1960.

Hasan Polatkan (1915 — September 16, 1961) was a Turkish politician and Minister of Labor and Finance, who was executed by hanging after the coup d'état in 1960.

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